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Creators/Authors contains: "Kinzel, Michael P."

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  1. Free, publicly-accessible full text available January 3, 2026
  2. Aluminum powder has been commonly used as the energetic material in solid propellants due to its high energy density. However, in actual combustion scenarios, not all aluminum powder is able to completely burn before reaching the nozzle, owing to the complicated physics of aluminum combustion. Due to this complexity, many studies have relied on analytic solutions instead of directly solving the Navier-Stokes equations. These earlier studies exhibit limitations, such as the inability to explain mass and heat transfer occurring at the interface or simulate 3-D fluid dynamics. In this study, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was employed to conduct direct numerical simulations of aluminum droplet evaporation. Subsequently, the developed model was compared and assessed against the evaporation model provided by the Lagrangian solver. 
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  3. The deformation and breakup of water droplets impacted by a shock wave has been largely attributed to surface mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of cavitation-induced droplet breakup. Shock waves of Mach 4 are used in this study to impact groups of droplets, both groups of degassed droplets and a group of non-degassed droplets. Distilled water droplets on the order of 1-3 mm in diameter are introduced into the shock tube. High speed images and deformation plots are used to explore the existence of cavitation in the droplets, as well as how they deform comparatively. 
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